Christian suffers from a bad BIOS that wrecks his i5's TSC sync. This
results in him occasionally seeing time going backwards - which
crashes the scheduler ...

Most of our time accounting can actually handle that except the most
common one; the tick time update of sched_fair.

There is a further problem with that code; previously we assumed that
because we get a tick every TICK_NSEC our time delta could never
exceed 32bits and math was simpler.

However, ever since Frederic managed to get NO_HZ_FULL merged; this is
no longer the case since now a task can run for a long time indeed
without getting a tick. It only takes about ~4.2 seconds to overflow
our u32 in nanoseconds.

This means we not only need to better deal with time going backwards;
but also means we need to be able to deal with large deltas.

This patch reworks the entire code and uses mul_u64_u32_shr() as
proposed by Andy a long while ago.

We express our virtual time scale factor in a u32 multiplier and shift
right and the 32bit mul_u64_u32_shr() implementation reduces to a
single 32x32->64 multiply if the time delta is still short (common
case).

For 64bit a 64x64->128 multiply can be used if ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128.

Reported-and-Tested-by: Christian Engelmayer <cengelma@gmx.at>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131118172706.GI3866@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net


Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>