Adjust dependency rules to permit per-file flags

The dependency rules are currently done in a shell 'for' loop. This does not
permit Makefile variables to adjust preprocessor flags as is done with normal
compile flags, using the CFLAGS_path/file.o syntax.

This change moves the dependency generation into the Makefile itself, and
permits a CPPFLAGS_path/file.o to adjust preprocessor flags on a file or
directory basis.

The CPPFLAGS_... variable is also folded into CFLAGS during the build.

Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>